vr简介中英文版对照怎么写
虚拟现实技术是一种可以创建和体验虚拟世界的计算机仿真系统,利用计算机生成一种模拟环境,下面是小编给大家整理的vr简介中英文版,供大家参阅!
vr简介
Virtual reality technology is an important direction of simulation technology. It is a collection of various technologies such as simulation technology and computer graphics, human interface technology, multimedia technology, sensor technology and network technology. It is a challenging cross technology frontier and research field The Virtual reality technology (VR) mainly includes simulation environment, perception, natural skills and sensing equipment and so on. The simulation environment is a computer generated, real-time dynamic three-dimensional realistic image. Perception refers to the ideal VR should have all the people have the perception. In addition to computer graphics technology generated by visual perception, there are auditory, tactile, force, movement and other perception, and even including the sense of smell and taste, also known as multi-perception. Natural skill refers to the person&39;s head rotation, eyes, gestures, or other human behavior, by the computer to deal with the action of the participants to adapt to the data, and the user&39;s input to make real-time response, and were fed back to the user&39;s facial features The A sensing device is a three-dimensional interactive device.
虚拟现实技术是仿真技术的一个重要方向,是仿真技术与计算机图形学人机接口技术多媒体技术传感技术网络技术等多种技术的集合,是一门富有挑战性的交叉技术前沿学科和研究领域。虚拟现实技术(VR)主要包括模拟环境、感知、自然技能和传感设备等方面。模拟环境是由计算机生成的、实时动态的三维立体逼真图像。感知是指理想的VR应该具有一切人所具有的感知。除计算机图形技术所生成的视觉感知外,还有听觉、触觉、力觉、运动等感知,甚至还包括嗅觉和味觉等,也称为多感知。自然技能是指人的头部转动,眼睛、手势、或其他人体行为动作,由计算机来处理与参与者的动作相适应的数据,并对用户的输入作出实时响应,并分别反馈到用户的五官。传感设备是指三维交互设备。
vr技术特点
VR art is a new and independent art category that comes with the advent of "virtual reality". In the article "Virtual Reality Art: Genesis Ultimate Re-creation", VR art has the following definition: Virtual reality (VR), enhanced reality (AR) and other artificial intelligence technology as a means of media to use the art form, we call it virtual reality art, referred to as VR art.The main feature of the art form is hypertext and interactivity. "
"VR as a comprehensive manifestation of modern technology, VR art is through the man-machine interface for visualization of complex data operations and interaction of a new form of art language, it attracts artists is important, is the art of thinking and technology tools closely And the deep penetration of the two generated by the new cognitive experience.Compared with the traditional window under the operation of the new media art, interactive and extended man-machine dialogue, VR art presents its unique advantages of the key from the overall sense Say, VR art is a new man-machine dialogue based on the interactive form of art, its biggest advantage lies in the construction of works and participants in the dialogue, through the dialogue to reveal the meaning of the process of generating.
Artists through the VR, AR and other technology applications, you can use a more natural means of human-computer interaction to control the form of works to create a more immersive art environment and reality can not achieve the dream, and to create the process to New meaning. If the interactive device system with VR nature can set the viewer through the multi-sensory interactive channel and the process of crossing the device, the artist can use the software and hardware to promote the smooth cooperation between the participants and the work of communication and feedback, to create a good participation And can be manipulated; can also be captured through the video interface to capture, store the behavior of the visitor fragment to keep the participants in the sense of enhancements based on the synchrotron to enhance the effect and re-shape, processed images; by enhancing the reality, Reality and other forms, the digital world and the real world together, the audience can control the projection through their own text, such as data gloves can provide force feedback, mobile scenes, 360-degree rotation of the sphere space not only enhanced the immersion of the work And can make the audience into the interior of the work, manipulate it, observe its process, and even give the audience the opportunity to participate in re-creation. "
VR艺术是伴随着“虚拟现实时代”的来临应运而生的一种新兴而独立的艺术门类,在《虚拟现实艺术: 形而上的终极再创造》一文中,关于VR艺术有如下的定义:“以虚拟现实(VR)、增强现实(AR)等人工智能技术作为媒介手段加以运用的艺术形式,我们称之为虚拟现实艺术,简称VR艺术。该艺术形式的主要特点是超文本性和交互性。”
“作为现代科技前沿的综合体现,VR艺术是通过人机界面对复杂数据进行可视化操作与交互的一种新的艺术语言形式,它吸引艺术家的重要之处,在于艺术思维与科技工具的密切交融和二者深层渗透所产生的全新的认知体验。与传统视窗操作下的新媒体艺术相比,交互性和扩展的人机对话,是VR艺术呈现其独特优势的关键所在。从整体意义上说,VR艺术是以新型人机对话为基础的交互性的艺术形式,其最大优势在于建构作品与参与者的对话,通过对话揭示意义生成的过程。
艺术家通过对VR、AR等技术的应用,可以采用更为自然的人机交互手段控制作品的形式,塑造出更具沉浸感的艺术环境和现实情况下不能实现的梦想,并赋予创造的过程以新的含义。如具有VR性质的交互装置系统可以设置观众穿越多重感官的交互通道以及穿越装置的过程,艺术家可以借助软件和硬件的顺畅配合来促进参与者与作品之间的沟通与反馈,创造良好的参与性和可操控性;也可以通过视频界面进行动作捕捉,储存访问者的行为片段,以保持参与者的意识增强性为基础,同步放映增强效果和重新塑造、处理过的影像;通过增强现实、混合现实等形式,将数字世界和真实世界结合在一起,观众可以通过自身动作控制投影的文本,如数据手套可以提供力的反馈,可移动的场景、360度旋转的球体空间不仅增强了作品的沉浸感,而且可以使观众进入作品的内部,操纵它、观察它的过程,甚至赋予观众参与再创造的机会。”
vr关键技术
Virtual reality is a combination of a variety of technologies, including real-time three-dimensional computer graphics technology, wide-angle (wide field) stereoscopic display technology, the observer head, eye and hand tracking technology, and tactile / force feedback, stereo, network transmission, voice Input and output technology. These techniques are described below.
Real-time three-dimensional computer graphics
By contrast, it is not too difficult to use a computer model to produce a graphic image. If there is enough accurate model, and there is enough time, we can generate accurate images of various objects under different lighting conditions, but the key here is real time. For example, in the flight simulation system, the image refresh is very important, while the image quality requirements are high, coupled with a very complex virtual environment, the problem becomes very difficult.
Show
When people look around the world, because of the different positions of the two eyes, the image is slightly different, these images in the minds of integration, it formed a whole world around the world, this scene includes distance information The Of course, the distance information can also be obtained by other methods, such as the distance between the eyes of the distance, the size of the object comparison.
In the VR system, binocular stereoscopic vision played a significant role. The two images seen by the user&39;s eyes are generated separately and displayed on different displays. Some systems use a single display, but the user to bring a special glasses, one eye can only see the odd frame image, the other eye can only see even frame images, odd, even between the different frames is parallax It produced a three-dimensional sense.
User (head, eye) tracking: In the artificial environment, each object relative to the system coordinate system has a position and attitude, and the user is also true. The user sees the scene by the user&39;s position and the direction of the head (eye) to determine.
A virtual reality headset that tracks the head movement: In traditional computer graphics technology, the field of view changes through a mouse or keyboard, the user&39;s visual system and motion-aware system are separate, and use the head tracking to change the image The perspective of the user&39;s visual system and motion perception system can be linked between, feel more realistic. Another advantage is that users can not only through binocular stereoscopic vision to understand the environment, but also through the head of the movement to observe the environment.
In the interaction between the user and the computer, the keyboard and mouse are the most commonly used tools, but for the three-dimensional space, they are not suitable. In the three-dimensional space because there are six degrees of freedom, it is difficult to find a more intuitive way to map the plane movement of the mouse into three-dimensional space of any movement. Now, there are already some devices that can provide six degrees of freedom, such as 3Space digitizer and SpaceBall space ball. Some of the more well-behaved devices are data gloves and data clothing.
Sound
People can well determine the direction of the sound source. In the horizontal direction, we determine the direction of the sound by the difference in the phase difference and the intensity of the sound, since the time or distance at which the sound reaches the two ears is different. Common stereo effect is to listen to the left and right ears in different locations to record the different sounds to achieve, so there will be a sense of direction. In real life, when the head turns, the direction of the sound will change. But in the VR system, the direction of the sound and the user&39;s head has nothing to do with the movement.
Feel feedback
In a VR system, the user can see a virtual cup. You can try to catch it, but your hand does not really touch the feeling of the cup, and it is possible to pass through the virtual cup "surface", which in real life is impossible. A common device for solving this problem is to install some vibrable contacts on the inner layer of the glove to simulate tactile sensation.
Voice
In the VR system, the voice input and output is also very important. This requires that the virtual environment be able to understand the human language and interact with people in real time. It is quite difficult for a computer to recognize a person&39;s voice because the speech signal and the natural language signal have their "multilaterality" and complexity. For example, there is no obvious pause between words and words in continuous voice, the same word, the same word by the words before and after the word, not only different people say that the same word will be different, that is, the same person will be subject to psychological, Physiological and environmental effects vary.
The use of human natural language as a computer input There are two problems, the first is the efficiency of the problem, in order to facilitate the computer to understand, enter the voice may be quite long-winded. Second is the correctness of the problem, the computer understands the voice of the method is to match the match, and no one&39;s intelligence.
虚拟现实是多种技术的综合,包括实时三维计算机图形技术,广角(宽视野)立体显示技术,对观察者头、眼和手的跟踪技术,以及触觉/力觉反馈、立体声、网络传输、语音输入输出技术等。下面对这些技术分别加以说明。
实时三维计算机图形
相比较而言,利用计算机模型产生图形图像并不是太难的事情。如果有足够准确的模型,又有足够的时间,我们就可以生成不同光照条件下各种物体的精确图像,但是这里的关键是实时。例如在飞行模拟系统中,图像的刷新相当重要,同时对图像质量的要求也很高,再加上非常复杂的虚拟环境,问题就变得相当困难。
显示
人看周围的世界时,由于两只眼睛的位置不同,得到的图像略有不同,这些图像在脑子里融合起来,就形成了一个关于周围世界的整体景象,这个景象中包括了距离远近的信息。当然,距离信息也可以通过其他方法获得,例如眼睛焦距的远近、物体大小的比较等。
在VR系统中,双目立体视觉起了很大作用。用户的两只眼睛看到的不同图像是分别产生的,显示在不同的显示器上。有的系统采用单个显示器,但用户带上特殊的眼镜后,一只眼睛只能看到奇数帧图像,另一只眼睛只能看到偶数帧图像,奇、偶帧之间的不同也就是视差就产生了立体感。
用户(头、眼)的跟踪:在人造环境中,每个物体相对于系统的坐标系都有一个位置与姿态,而用户也是如此。用户看到的景象是由用户的位置和头(眼)的方向来确定的。
跟踪头部运动的虚拟现实头套:在传统的计算机图形技术中,视场的改变是通过鼠标或键盘来实现的,用户的视觉系统和运动感知系统是分离的,而利用头部跟踪来改变图像的视角,用户的视觉系统和运动感知系统之间就可以联系起来,感觉更逼真。另一个优点是,用户不仅可以通过双目立体视觉去认识环境,而且可以通过头部的运动去观察环境。
在用户与计算机的交互中,键盘和鼠标是目前最常用的工具,但对于三维空间来说,它们都不太适合。在三维空间中因为有六个自由度,我们很难找出比较直观的办法把鼠标的平面运动映射成三维空间的任意运动。现在,已经有一些设备可以提供六个自由度,如3Space数字化仪和SpaceBall空间球等。另外一些性能比较优异的设备是数据手套和数据衣。
声音
人能够很好地判定声源的方向。在水平方向上,我们靠声音的相位差及强度的差别来确定声音的方向,因为声音到达两只耳朵的时间或距离有所不同。常见的立体声效果就是靠左右耳听到在不同位置录制的不同声音来实现的,所以会有一种方向感。现实生活里,当头部转动时,听到的声音的方向就会改变。但目前在VR系统中,声音的方向与用户头部的运动无关。
感觉反馈
在一个VR系统中,用户可以看到一个虚拟的杯子。你可以设法去抓住它,但是你的手没有真正接触杯子的感觉,并有可能穿过虚拟杯子的“表面”,而这在现实生活中是不可能的。解决这一问题的常用装置是在手套内层安装一些可以振动的触点来模拟触觉。
语音
在VR系统中,语音的输入输出也很重要。这就要求虚拟环境能听懂人的语言,并能与人实时交互。而让计算机识别人的语音是相当困难的,因为语音信号和自然语言信号有其“多边性”和复杂性。例如,连续语音中词与词之间没有明显的停顿,同一词、同一字的发音受前后词、字的影响,不仅不同人说同一词会有所不同,就是同一人发音也会受到心理、生理和环境的影响而有所不同。
使用人的自然语言作为计算机输入目前有两个问题,首先是效率问题,为便于计算机理解,输入的语音可能会相当啰嗦。其次是正确性问题,计算机理解语音的方法是对比匹配,而没有人的智能。
>>>下一页更多精彩“vr的医学应用”
p副标题e
vr的医学应用
VR在医学方面的应用具有十分重要的现实意义。在虚拟环境中,可以建立虚拟的人体模型,借助于跟踪球、HMD、感觉手套,学生可以很容易了解人体内部各器官结构,这比现有的采用教科书的方式要有效得多。Pieper及Satara等研究者在90年代初基于两个SGI工作站建立了一个虚拟外科手术训练器,用于腿部及腹部外科手术模拟。这个虚拟的环境包括虚拟的手术台与手术灯,虚拟的外科工具(如手术刀、注射器、手术钳等),虚拟的人体模型与器官等。借助于HMD及感觉手套,使用者可以对虚拟的人体模型进行手术。但该系统有待进一步改进,如需提高环境的真实感,增加网络功能,使其能同时培训多个使用者,或可在外地专家的指导下工作等。手术后果预测及改善残疾人生恬状况,乃至新型药物的研制等方面,VR技术都有十分重要的意义。
在医学院校,学生可在虚拟实验室中,进行“尸体”解剖和各种手术练习。用这项技术,由于不受标本、场地等的限制,所以培训费用大大降低。一些用于医学培训、实习和研究的虚拟现实系统,仿真程度非常高,其优越性和效果是不可估量和不可比拟的。例如,导管插入动脉的模拟器,可以使学生反复实践导管插入动脉时的操作;眼睛手术模拟器,根据人眼的前眼结构创造出三维立体图像,并带有实时的触觉反馈,学生利用它可以观察模拟移去晶状体的全过程,并观察到眼睛前部结构的血管、虹膜和巩膜组织及角膜的透明度等。还有麻醉虚拟现实系统、口腔手术模拟器等。
外科医生在真正动手术之前,通过虚拟现实技术的帮助,能在显示器上重复地模拟手术,移动人体内的器官,寻找最佳手术方案并提高熟练度。在远距离遥控外科手术,复杂手术的计划安排,手术过程的信息指导,手术后果预测及改善残疾人生活状况,乃至新药研制等方面,虚拟现实技术都能发挥十分重要的作用。
4月14日下午,英国医生莎菲·艾哈迈德在伦敦皇家医院手术室,成功为一名70多岁的结肠癌患者实施肿瘤切除手术,并首次通过虚拟现实技术(VR)对手术全程进行了直播。
7月12日,上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院直播了一台由副院长、肝脏外科科主任夏强主刀的小儿活体肝移植手术。与以往不同的是,这次直播采用了当前最为先进的虚拟现实技术(VR)来显示手术的全景画面。这也是全国首次采用VR技术直播的3D儿童肝移植手术。
vr的娱乐应用
丰富的感觉能力与3D显示环境使得VR成为理想的视频游戏工具。由于在娱乐方面对VR的真实感要求不是太高,故近些年来VR在该方面发展最为迅猛。如Chicago(芝加哥)开放了世界上第一台大型可供多人使用的VR娱乐系统,其主题是关于3025年的一场未来战争;英国开发的称为“Virtuality”的VR游戏系统,配有HMD,大大增强了真实感;1992年的一台称为“Legeal Qust”的系统由于增加了人工智能功能,使计算机具备了自学习功能,大大增强了趣味性及难度,使该系统获该年度VR产品奖。另外在家庭娱乐方面VR也显示出了很好的前景。
作为传输显示信息的媒体,VR在未来艺术领域方面所具有的潜在应用能力也不可低估。VR所具有的临场参与感与交互能力可以将静态的艺术(如油画、雕刻等)转化为动态的,可以使观赏者更好地欣赏作者的思想艺术。另外,VR提高了艺术表现能力,如一个虚拟的音乐家可以演奏各种各样的乐器,手足不便的人或远在外地的人可以在他生活的居室中去虚拟的音乐厅欣赏音乐会等等。
对艺术的潜在应用价值同样适用于教育,如在解释一些复杂的系统抽象的概念如量子物理等方面,VR是非常有力的工具,Lofin等人在1993年建立了一个“虚拟的物理实验室”,用于解释某些物理概念,如位置与速度,力量与位移等。
vr的其他应用
军事航天
模拟训练一直是军事与航天工业中的一个重要课题,这为VR提供了广阔的应用前景。美国国防部高级研究计划局DARPA自80年代起一直致力于研究称为SIMNET的虚拟战场系统,以提供坦克协同训练,该系统可联结200多台模拟器。另外利用VR技术,可模拟零重力环境,替非标准的水下训练宇航员的方法。
室内设计
虚拟现实
虚拟现实不仅仅是一个演示媒体,而且还是一个设计工具。它以视觉形式反映了设计者的思想,比如装修房屋之前,你首先要做的事是对房屋的结构、外形做细致的构思,为了使之定量化,你还需设计许多图纸,当然这些图纸只能内行人读懂,虚拟现实可以把这种构思变成看得见的虚拟物体和环境,使以往只能借助传统的设计模式提升到数字化的即看即所得的完美境界,大大提高了设计和规划的质量与效率。运用虚拟现实技术,设计者可以完全按照自己的构思去构建装饰“虚拟”的房间,并可以任意变换自己在房间中的位置,去观察设计的效果,直到满意为止。既节约了时间,又节省了做模型的费用。
房产开发
随着房地产业竞争的加剧,传统的展示手段如平面图、表现图、沙盘、样板房等已经远远无法满足消费者的需要。因此敏锐把握市场动向,果断启用最新的技术并迅速转化为生产力,方可以领先一步,击溃竞争对手。虚拟现实技术是集影视广告、动画、多媒体、网络科技于一身的最新型的房地产营销方式,在国内的广州、上海、北京等大城市,国外的加拿大、美国等经济和科技发达的国家都非常热门,是当今房地产行业一个综合实力的象征和标志,其最主要的核心是房地产销售!同时在房地产开发中的其他重要环节包括申报、审批、设计、宣传等方面都有着非常迫切的需求。
房地产项目的表现形式可大致分为:实景模式、水晶沙盘两种;
其中可对项目周边配套、红线以内建筑和总平、内部业态分布等进行详细剖析展示,由外而内表现项目的整体风格,并可通过鸟瞰、内部漫游、自动动画播放等形式对项目逐一表现,增强了讲解过程的完整性和趣味性。
工业仿真
当今世界工业已经发生了巨大的变化,大规模人海战术早已不再适应工业的发展,先进科学技术的应用显现出巨大的威力,特别是虚拟现实技术的应用正对工业进行着一场前所未有的革命。虚拟现实已经被世界上一些大型企业广泛地应用到工业的各个环节,对企业提高开发效率,加强数据采集、分析、处理能力,减少决策失误,降低企业风险起到了重要的作用。虚拟现实技术的引入,将使工业设计的手段和思想发生质的飞跃,更加符合社会发展的需要,可以说在工业设计中应用虚拟现实技术是可行且必要的。
工业仿真系统不是简单的场景漫游,是真正意义上用于指导生产的仿真系统,它结合用户业务层功能和数据库数据组建一套完全的仿真系统,可组建B/S、C/S两种架构的应用,可与企业ERP、MIS系统无缝对接,支持SqlServer、Oracle、MySql等主流数据库。
工业仿真所涵盖的范围很广,从简单的单台工作站上的机械装配到多人在线协同演练系统。下面列举一些工业仿真的应用领域:
·石油、电力、煤炭行业多人在线应急演练
·市政、交通、消防应急演练
·多人多工种协同作业(化身系统、机器人人工智能)
·虚拟制造/虚拟设计/虚拟装配(CAD/CAM/CAE)
·模拟驾驶、训练、演示、教学、培训等
·军事模拟、指挥、虚拟战场、电子对抗
·地形地貌、地理信息系统(GIS)
·生物工程(基因/遗传/分子结构研究)
·虚拟医学工程(虚拟手术/解剖/医学分析)
·建筑视景与城市规划、矿产、石油
·航空航天、科学可视化
